What do "hot, warm, and cold zones" refer to in a hazmat response?

The terms "hot, warm, and cold zones" are critical components in the structure of a hazmat response, referring to areas established at an incident site that have different levels of contamination risk. The hot zone is the area closest to the hazardous materials, where the highest levels of contamination exist, and access is strictly controlled to protect responders and bystanders. The warm zone serves as a transition area where decontamination occurs and personnel can receive information before entering the hot zone. Finally, the cold zone is considered safe for personnel not involved directly with contaminated materials, and it typically houses command and support operations.

Understanding these zones is essential for managing safety and preventing the spread of hazardous materials. This system helps responders minimize their exposure and ensures that protocols are followed to safeguard both personnel and the surrounding community.