In which process does a material absorb and retain a liquid hazardous material like a sponge?

The correct answer involves the process where a material allows a liquid to penetrate and be held within its internal structure, similar to how a sponge absorbs water. This specific interaction is termed "absorption." In this process, the liquid hazardous material is taken in by the material, where it is distributed throughout and retained within its mass.

Absorption is a crucial concept in hazardous material management because understanding how various materials interact with liquids can help responders effectively manage spills or leaks. By utilizing absorbent materials, responders can mitigate the effects of hazardous substances on the environment and ensure safety in various situations.

On the other hand, adsorption refers to the process where a substance adheres to the surface of another material rather than being absorbed into it. Desorption is the reversal of adsorption, where a previously adhered substance is released from the surface. Desaturation entails the process of removing or reducing the amount of a substance until it is no longer saturated, often related more to moisture in soil or other materials rather than the absorption of liquids.